Internal+Combustion+Engine

= = __Internal Combustion Engine __
 * [|Internal Combustion Engine-]  any engine that uses explosion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder
 * Movement of a piston rotates a crankshaft, which in turn makes use of a chain or drive shaft to power the object wanted to perform a task (turn wheels, power water pump, etc. depending on the application)

__**Timeline **__
 * 1860 - Christian Huygens (Dutch) designed internal combustion engine powered by gunpowder (never built)
 * 1807 - Francois Isaac de Rivaz (Switzerland) invented hydrogen and oxygen fueled internal combustion engine, powered an automobile but very unsuccessful in design [[image:http://cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/2fbfb2bb3669bb5c7df711708c9e331b_1M.png width="238" height="220" align="right" caption="Francois Isaac de Rivaz Internal Combustion Engine" link="http://__http//cdn.dipity.com/uploads/events/2fbfb2bb3669bb5c7df711708c9e331b_1M.png__"]]
 * 1824 - Samuel Brown (England) adapted Newcomen steam engine to burn gas
 * 1858 - Jean JosephÉtienne Lenoir (Belgium) invented double-acting electric-spark ignition internal combustion engine powered with coal gas (improved 1863, used petroleum and primitive carburetor to drive 3-wheeled wagon)
 * 1862 - Alphonse Beau de Rochas (French) patented, but did not build, four-stroke engine
 * 1864 - Siegfried Marcus (Australia) built one-cylinder engine w/ carburetor which powered a cart roughly 500 feet, later built vehicle which was capable of driving at ten miles per hour
 * 1873 - George Brayton (America) developed unsuccessful two-stroke kerosene engine
 * Eugen Langen and [|Nikolaus Otto] (Germany) improved Lenoir’s and de Rochas’ designes to build more efficient gas engine [[image:http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcToNNe0jse3IslgazpCkg1zCpycpWdSAoLANXYkkKKwja-w7JM500SXflLk width="213" height="160" align="left" caption="Nikolaus Otto Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine" link="http://ballybombay.com/limelight-nikolaus-otto-history/"]]
 * 1876 - Otto invented successful four-stroke engine
 * 1883 - Edouard Delamare-Debouteville built single cylinder four-stroke engine that ran on stove gas
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1885 - Gottleib Daimler invented engine with vertical cylinder and gasoline injected through carburetor, built first four-wheeled engine-powered vehicle
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1886 - Karl Benz received first patent for gas-fueled car
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1889 - Daimler built improved four-stroke engine (mushroom-shaped valves and two v-slant cylinders
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">1890 - Wilhelm Maybach built first four-cylinder four-stroke engine


 * __<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Important People __**[[image:http://0.tqn.com/d/inventors/1/0/D/M/daimlermotorcycle.jpg width="218" height="233" align="right" caption="Daimler Motorcycle" link="http://__http//0.tqn.com/d/inventors/1/0/D/M/daimlermotorcycle.jpg__"]]
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Nikolaus Otto - first practical four-stroke internal-combustion engine, immediately built into motorcycle, design used for all liquid-fueled automobiles afterward
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Karl Benz - designed first practical automobile powered by internal-combustion engine, received first patent for gas-fueled car, first manufacturer to integrate engine with chassis, world’s largest manufacturer by 1900
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gottleib Daimler - 1885 engine small, fast, lightweight with gasoline-injected carburetor and vertical cylinder - allowed fast advances in automobile design, made first four-wheeled automobile by modifying a stagecoach, considered first to invent a practical internal-combustion engine, 1889 invented improved engine which set standards from that time on, with Maybach built first vehicle designed ground-up to use an engine

__**Effect**__ The invention of the internal combustion engine, and the various improvements made during this time, allowed for significant advancements in the field of transportation. Without the invention of the internal combustion engine, automobiles and motorcycles would not have developed nearly as efficiently, and there would have been the same effect on aircraft and watercraft. There would not be anywhere near as efficient of means of trade that we have now, as there would be no fast or easy way of transporting goods over continents or oceans. Thus, the invention of the internal combustion engine has had a major positive effect on today's society and economy, which could not exist without this invention.

__**Citation:**__

Bellis, Mary. "Nicolaus Otto." //about.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Jan 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blotto.htm>.

Bellis, M.. " The History of the Automobile." //The history of the automobile//. N.p., 2011. Web. 13 Jan 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarsgasa.htm>.

Brain, Marshall. "How Car Engines Work." //Howstuffworks"internal combustion engine"//. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 2011. Web. 17 Jan 2012. <http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm>.